Reservoir Minerals Inc. (TSX-V:RMC) (OTC PINK:RVRLF) (BERLIN:9RE) is pleased to announce the results of the Preliminary Economic Assessment undertaken by independent consultants on its 45% owned Timok JV Project and Cukaru Peki deposit in Serbia.
The PEA base case considers the potential economic merit of a Phase 1 starter mine, with access via a twin decline to the higher grade direct shipping ore material which requires crushing and grinding only before shipping. This would be followed by subsequent mining of the main Upper Zone mineralisation down to the 800m level. The results of the PEA demonstrate the robust nature of the project at current and long term prices, with the base case project having a post-tax net present value at an 8% discount rate of US$1.55 billion (US$946 million at current metal prices of US$1,250 Au/oz and US$2.20/lb Cu) and post-tax internal rate of return of 106% (84% at current metal prices), on a 100% project basis.
The PEA was commissioned independently by Reservoir and has not been reviewed or approved by Freeport-McMoRan Exploration Corporation, the current Operator of the Timok project. The PEA is preliminary in nature and it includes inferred mineral resources that are considered too speculative geologically to have the economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorized as mineral reserves. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that the PEA will be realized.
The base case project (2.5% COG Case) comprises of the initial DSO mining phase starting in 2019 and the Phase 2 Main Mine starting in 2022 ramping up eventually to a 2 Mtpa maximum production rate, processing mineralisation with a diluted copper grade in excess of 2.5% Cu, with production ceasing in 2030.
An extended mining phase has also been considered comprising of the DSO mining phase and the Phase 2 Main Mine with a 2 Mtpa production rate, processing additional 13.8 Mt of mineralisation, primarily from the deeper portions of the deposit, with a diluted copper grade in excess of 1.0% Cu (the “1.0% COG Case”). Production in this case is extended to 2037. The project, based on the 1.0% COG Case has a post-tax NPV8 of US$1.63 billion (US$986 million at current metal prices) and post-tax IRR of 106% (84% at current metal prices), on a 100% project basis.
Highlights of the PEA:
Simon Ingram, President and CEO of Reservoir commented “The positive results of the PEA are very encouraging – particularly the fact that the project has the potential to generate extremely robust economics even at spot prices and can be fast-tracked towards early production through the starter mine and DSO operation, but with modest upfront capex. The current development plan enables Cukaru Peki to potentially emerge as one of the lowest cost high quality producing mines in the world. The Lower Zone Porphyry mineralisation presents the potential of a future long life world class development in the heart of Europe.”
(1) | Cash operating costs are defined as C1 Costs. Total Allocated Costs are defined as C1 cash cost plus depreciation and royalties. |
Addressing the next steps on the project, Dr. Ingram continued, “The PEA provides Reservoir with a solid foundation in confirming the economics of the Timok Project and targeting future development plans for this world class deposit. Reservoir continues to assess all its options with regards to Freeport’s notice of sale to Lundin Mining as announced on 7 March 2016.”
Cukaru Peki PEA Summary
Base Case Project Highlights
Project Economic Sensitivities |
||||||
Base Case Post -Tax NPV Sensitivities (US$m) |
||||||
Gold Price – Au/Oz |
||||||
Copper Price – US$/lb |
1,552 |
$1,100 |
$1,150 |
$1,200 |
$1,250 |
$1,300 |
$2.0 |
774 |
796 |
818 |
840 |
861 |
|
$2.2 |
921 |
943 |
965 |
986 |
1,008 |
|
$2.4 |
1,068 |
1,090 |
1,112 |
1,133 |
1,155 |
|
$2.6 |
1,215 |
1,237 |
1,258 |
1,280 |
1,302 |
|
$2.8 |
1,362 |
1,384 |
1,405 |
1,427 |
1,449 |
|
$3.0 |
1,509 |
1,530 |
1,552 |
1,574 |
1,596 |
|
$3.2 |
1,655 |
1,677 |
1,699 |
1,721 |
1,742 |
|
$3.4 |
1,802 |
1,824 |
1,846 |
1,868 |
1,889 |
Base Case Post- Tax Project IRR Senstivities (%) |
||||||
Gold Price – Au/Oz |
||||||
Copper Price – US$/lb |
106.2% |
$1,100 |
$1,150 |
$1,200 |
$1,250 |
$1,300 |
$2.0 |
71% |
73% |
75% |
77% |
79% |
|
$2.2 |
78% |
80% |
82% |
84% |
86% |
|
$2.4 |
84% |
86% |
88% |
90% |
92% |
|
$2.6 |
91% |
93% |
94% |
96% |
98% |
|
$2.8 |
97% |
99% |
100% |
102% |
104% |
|
$3.0 |
103% |
104% |
106% |
108% |
110% |
|
$3.2 |
108% |
110% |
112% |
114% |
115% |
|
$3.4 |
114% |
116% |
117% |
119% |
121% |
Geology, Mineral Resources and Mining Methods
The Cukaru Peki deposit is subdivided into an Upper Zone of high-sulphidation epithermal mineralization and the underlying Lower Zone of porphyry type mineralization which has not yet been modelled due to the lack of sufficient drill data and geometrical understanding, and is not included in current the resource estimates. Despite incomplete drill coverage in the Lower Zone, there are indications of a large deposit that may be amenable to a bulk mining method. The Lower Zone is currently an exploration target that remains open to the north and at depth below the UZ, with several drillhole intersections that outline the potential magnitude of the mineralised system. The LZ is not included in the PEA study.
On a 100% attributable basis, the Cukaru Peki UZ Mineral Resource comprises an Indicated Mineral Resource of some 1.7 Mt above a cut-off grade of 0.75% copper, with average grades of 13.5% copper, 10.4 g/t gold and 0.23% arsenic and an Inferred Mineral Resource of some 35.0 Mt above a cut-off grade of 0.75% copper, with average grades of 2.9% copper, 1.7 g/t gold and 0.17% arsenic. The Table 1 below gives the current Mineral Resource Estimate which has been prepared by SRK Consulting (UK) Ltd (“SRK”) in accordance with the CIM Code as at March 2016.
Although there is a decrease in total resource tonnage (compared to the previous resource estimate), due to the current resource model being geologically better constrained, the continuity of the mineralisation has been demonstrated with increased copper and gold grades with the additional drilling.
Table 1: SRK Mineral Resource Statement as at 31 March 2016 for the Cukaru Peki Deposit UZ | |||||||
Grade | Grade | Metal | |||||
Category | Category |
Tonnes Mt |
|||||
%Cu |
% Cu |
g/t Au |
% As |
Cu Mt |
Au Moz |
||
Indicated | >10.0 |
1.2 |
15.5 |
12.4 |
0.21 |
0.2 |
0.5 |
0.75-10.0 |
0.5 |
8.2 |
5.1 |
0.27 |
0.04 |
0.08 |
|
Inferred | >10.0 |
1.2 |
13.2 |
10.5 |
0.20 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
0.75-10.0 |
33.8 |
2.5 |
1.4 |
0.17 |
0.8 |
1.5 |
|
Total-Indicated |
1.7 |
13.5 |
10.4 |
0.23 |
0.2 |
0.6 |
|
Total-Inferred |
35.0 |
2.9 |
1.7 |
0.17 |
1.0 |
1.9 |
The majority of the estimate is an Inferred Mineral Resource, which SRK expects can be upgraded to an Indicated Mineral Resource with further drilling and sampling.
The deposit is planned to be mined by conventional underground mining methods in two phases. This PEA considers an initial Phase 1 “DSO” Mine mining phase which will access very high grade mineralisation (13% Cu and 10.6 g/t Au) and can be shipped directly to smelters after crushing and grinding only. The DSO mineralisation is at the top of the deposit, some 400 m below surface and will be mined at a rate of up to 0.6 Mtpa for 3.5 years; initial mining access is via a 2.5 km long twin decline.
The Phase 2 Upper Zone Mine is envisaged to extract the remaining deposit using the twin decline down to a depth of some 800 m below surface. Production increases from 1.0 to 2.0 Mtpa with an average head grade of 4.6 %Cu and 2.9 g/t Au
Both Phase 1 and Phase 2 Mines are planned to use Sub Level Open Stoping mining method with cemented back fill.
The PEA assumptions for concentrate production are based on preliminary metallurgical testwork and mineralogical work completed on Cukaru Peki Upper Zone composite samples solely funded by Reservoir. The copper mineralogy consists primarily of covellite with lesser enargite, and minor colusite and chalcopyrite. Enargite and colusite contain arsenic and therefore the arsenic grade will be a key consideration in concentrate blending and resulting smelter choice, terms and charges.
The PEA base case envisages the following production schedule:
Operating Scenarios
The technical economic model developed by Reservoir and verified by SRK, is based on phased development of a starter DSO mine and a Phase 2 main Upper Zone mine, producing a DSO product through on-site comminution in years one to four and subsequently two marketable copper-gold sulphide concentrates (low arsenic and high arsenic respectively) through a conventional crushing, grinding and flotation circuit.
Two scenarios have been analysed based on 1.0% and 2.5% copper cut-off grades (COGs) being applied to the Upper Zone Mineral Resource as presented in Table 2 below. For the purposes of this PEA, the base case project is assumed to be the 2.5% COG case.
Table 2: Mine Production Summary |
|||
Case |
2.5% COG |
1.0% |
|
COG |
|||
DSO | Mt |
1.9 |
1.9 |
Copper Grade | % |
13.0% |
13.0% |
Gold Grade | g/t |
10.6 |
10.6 |
Production Rate | Mtpa |
0.6 |
0.6 |
Years Mined | Years |
4 |
4 |
Main Mine | Mt |
13.3 |
27.6 |
Copper Grade | % |
4.6% |
3.0% |
Gold Grade | g/t |
2.9 |
1.7 |
Production Rate | Mtpa |
2.0 |
2.0 |
Years Mined | Years |
9 |
16 |
Total Upper Zone | Mt |
15.2 |
29.5 |
Copper Grade | % |
5.7% |
3.7% |
Gold Grade | g/t |
3.8 |
2.3 |
Production Rate | Mtpa |
2.0 |
2.0 |
Total LoM | Years |
12 |
20 |
Capital and Operating Costs
A key consideration in the PEA is the establishment of a relatively low cost and high margin DSO starter mine which can be built for an estimated capital investment of US$ 213m including the initial decline access.
DSO production is expected to generate sufficient profit to fund the additional capital (for the 2.5 % COG case) of US$182 million required to ramp up to the eventual 2 Mtpa Phase 2 Main Mine production rate in two stages over six years. Production is also expected to fund additional sustaining capital costs amounting to US$45 million. A closure cost of US$23 M has been provisionally estimated.
On-site operating costs used in the PEA for the initial DSO Mine are US$63/t reflecting the low production rate; these gradually reduce to US$40/t for the eventual 2 Mtpa Phase 2 Main Mine.
All operating costs compare well with industry benchmarks.
Project Economics |
|||
Case |
2.5% COG |
1.0% COG |
|
Mining Method |
SLOS |
SLOS |
|
Mined Tonnage | Mt |
15.2 |
29.5 |
Cu Grade | % |
5.7% |
3.7% |
Au Grade | g/t |
3.8 |
2.3 |
Annual Capacity | Mtpa |
2.0 |
2.0 |
Life-of-Mine | Years |
12 |
20 |
Total Payable Cu | kt |
699 |
888 |
Total Payable Au | koz |
744 |
824 |
Average Cu Production | ktpa |
58 |
47 |
Average Au Production | kozpa |
62 |
43 |
Lead Time | Years |
2 |
2 |
COSTS | |||
Initial Capex / Funding Requirement | US$ M |
213 |
213 |
Life of Mine Sustaining & Expansion | |||
Capex | US$M |
227 |
286 |
US$/t | |||
On Site Opex | mined |
46.82 |
43.88 |
US$/t | |||
Concentrate Freight & Premiums | product |
68.12 |
47.64 |
On Site Opex | US$/lb |
0.46 |
0.66 |
Freight and TCs/RCs | US$/lb |
0.67 |
0.72 |
Au Credit | US$/lb |
0.58 |
0.51 |
C1 Costs | US$/lb |
0.55 |
0.87 |
Total Cash Costs (incl. Royalty) | US$/lb |
0.70 |
1.01 |
C2/C3 – Total Allocated Costs | US$/lb |
0.97 |
1.24 |
ECONOMIC INDICATORS | |||
Commodity Pricing: (US$1,200/oz Au, US$3.00/lb Cu) | |||
Project NPV8 | US$ M |
1,552 |
1,631 |
IRR | % |
106% |
106% |
Payback | Years |
0.6 |
0.6 |
Commodity Pricing: (US$1,250/oz Au, US$2.20/lb Cu) | |||
Project NPV8 | US$ M |
986 |
987 |
IRR | % |
84% |
84% |
Payback | Years |
0.8 |
0.8 |
The PEA is preliminary in nature and it includes inferred mineral resources that are considered too speculative geologically to have the economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorized as mineral reserves. Mineral resources that are not mineral reserves do not have demonstrated economic viability. There is no certainty that the PEA will be realized
About Reservoir
Reservoir Minerals Inc. is an international mineral exploration and development company run by an experienced technical and management team, with a portfolio of precious and base metal exploration properties in Europe and Africa. The Company operates an exploration partnership business model to leverage its expertise through to discovery.
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