Sandstorm Gold Ltd. (NYSE: SAND) (TSX: SSL) is pleased to announce that the Company has entered into a definitive arrangement agreement with Royal Gold Inc. pursuant to which Royal Gold will acquire all of the issued and outstanding common shares of Sandstorm in an all-share transaction with an implied value of approximately $3.5 billion. Sandstorm shareholders will receive 0.0625 of a share of common stock of Royal Gold for each Sandstorm Share held, implying a 21% premium to the 20-day volume-weighted average price of the Sandstorm Shares for the period ended July 3, 2025, and a 17% premium to the closing price of the Sandstorm Shares on the New York Stock Exchange on July 3, 2025. Upon closing, existing Royal Gold and Sandstorm shareholders will own approximately 77% and 23%, of the issued and outstanding Royal Gold Shares on a fully diluted basis.

Concurrent with the Sandstorm Transaction, Royal Gold has entered into a definitive arrangement agreement with Horizon Copper Corp. pursuant to which Royal Gold will acquire all of the issued and outstanding common shares of Horizon Copper  in an all-cash transaction valued at approximately $196 million. Horizon Copper shareholders will receive C$2.00 for each Horizon Share held, implying an 85% premium to the 20-day VWAP of the Horizon Shares for the period ended July 4, 2025, and a 72% premium to the closing price of the Horizon Shares on the TSX Venture Exchange on July 4, 2025. For further details of the Horizon Transaction, refer to Royal Gold’s and Horizon Copper’s respective press releases dated July 7, 2025.

Upon completion of both the Sandstorm Transaction and the Horizon Transaction (together, the “Transactions”), Royal Gold will continue under the name “Royal Gold, Inc.” and will host a robust precious metals streaming and royalty portfolio with industry-leading diversification and growth profile.

Strategic Rationale

The Sandstorm Transaction is poised to create significant value for Sandstorm shareholders by delivering multiple benefits:

• Attractive and immediate premium to the current price of Sandstorm Shares, which are trading at 10-year highs;
• Maintains exposure to Sandstorm’s gold-focused, high-quality, long-life portfolio with significant built-in growth from its principal assets;
• Daylights intrinsic value of Sandstorm’s royalty portfolio, closing the valuation gap between Sandstorm and mid-tier royalty peers;
• Improves pro-forma portfolio maturity, reducing relative concentration of development assets;
• Enhanced access to institutional investors via an attractive, larger, diversified, gold-focused streaming and royalty company with strong trading liquidity;
• Equity participation in a large-scale precious metals streaming and royalty company poised for meaningful long-term re-rating potential with industry-leading diversification and a strong track record of shareholder capital returns.

President & CEO of Sandstorm, Nolan Watson, commented, “Today is a significant milestone for Sandstorm and its shareholders, marking the beginning of an exciting new chapter. Over the past 15 years, we’ve built a company that has not only delivered consistent growth and value but has helped shape the royalty sector through innovation. This transaction rewards Sandstorm shareholders in the near term while also offering a compelling opportunity to own a large-scale, world-class streaming and royalty company with continued upside potential.

“Personally, I would like to thank the Sandstorm team for their tireless commitment to excellence and hard work over the last decade and a half. I am incredibly proud of what this team has accomplished—from our early foundational deals to the transformative acquisitions that positioned Sandstorm as a leader in this space. Joining forces with Royal Gold will amplify the strengths of Sandstorm’s portfolio and unlock new opportunities for our shareholders. I also want to thank the Royal Gold team, for building a leading streaming and royalty company with remarkable assets. I am confident that the legacy we’ve built at Sandstorm will continue to thrive in this next phase as we combine to create a truly extraordinary streaming and royalty company.”

The combined portfolios under Royal Gold are expected to create:

• The world’s most diversified, large-scale precious metals streaming and royalty company with a mature, Americas-focused portfolio of 393 royalties and streams, including 80 cash-flowing assets, of which, no single asset is expected to account for more than 13% of net asset value¹;
• Industry-leading, gold-dominated stream and royalty portfolio with pro-forma 2025 revenue mix expected to be approximately 87% precious metals (with 75% of total revenues being from gold²) and material gold-focused growth assets via Sandstorm’s development portfolio;
• Attractive growth profile from key development assets including MARA (Glencore), Hod Maden (SSR Mining), Great Bear (Kinross), Platreef (Ivanhoe Mines), and Warintza (Solaris), adding significant organic production growth over the long term;
• Strong balance sheet and robust cash flow, as Royal Gold expects to have a low outstanding debt balance and modest debt to EBITDA at closing, providing financial strength to reinvest and compete for attractive deals;
• High-quality, long-life stream and royalty assets, with built-in optionality, increasing proven and probable attributable gold equivalent ounces (“GEO”) to 18 times the expected 2025 GEO sales³, and remaining accretive to consensus NAV on a per share basis;
• Larger-scale and increased liquidity attractive to broader investor base, while enhancing appeal to institutional investors as a leading North American precious metals streaming and royalty company, potentially driving a premium valuation;
• Corporate synergies through the combination of three high-quality portfolios, into a larger, more diversified company, converting a greater proportion of stream and royalty earnings into equity free cash flow, foregoing the need for more complex counterparty structures, particularly at Hod Maden and Antamina.

Bill Heissenbuttel, President & CEO of Royal Gold remarked, “The acquisitions of Sandstorm and Horizon Copper fit our strategic goal of acquiring high-quality and long-life precious metals assets in mining-friendly jurisdictions. Upon completion of these Transactions, Royal Gold will remain firmly positioned as a leading North American precious metal streaming and royalty company. Royal Gold has a 40+ year history of consistently executing a strategy of disciplined growth in gold, and the addition of Sandstorm and Horizon Copper’s assets create a global portfolio of precious metals interests that is unmatched in terms of asset diversification, development and organic growth potential, and exploration optionality. These characteristics will position Royal Gold as the go-to vehicle for investors seeking precious metals exposure in the U.S. marketplace, and we welcome Sandstorm shareholders to participate in the formation of a premier growth company in our sector.”

Pro-Forma Royal Gold

Upon completion of the Transactions, Royal Gold is expected to be an industry-leading precious metals streaming and royalty company with enhanced scale and liquidity, uniquely positioned to realize valuation premiums typically associated with large-cap streaming and royalty companies while remaining nimble enough to compete across the streaming and royalty industry in accretive ways. Royal Gold’s portfolio will comprise 393 streams and royalties, largely focused in the Americas, with 80 cash-flowing assets and 47 in development. Royal Gold will remain precious metals focused, with its 2025 revenue mix expected to be approximately 87% precious metals, and gold contributing approximately 75% of total revenue². Longer-term, Royal Gold is expected to maintain or exceed this concentration of precious metals revenue. Royal Gold will be well capitalized and generate significant free cash flow, and the combined portfolio is well-positioned for cash flow growth from its robust development pipeline.

Royal Gold will host one of the most diversified streaming and royalty portfolios in the world while benefiting from built-in optionality from high-quality assets. Below are details of the top 10 assets by NAV within the pro-forma portfolio. For more details of the pro-forma portfolio, including full stream and royalty terms, refer to www.royalgold.com, www.sandstormgold.com, and www.horizoncopper.com.

Key Producing Assets⁴

MOUNT MILLIGAN

Mount Milligan is a large-scale, open-pit copper and gold mine located in north-central British Columbia operated by an indirect subsidiary of Centerra Gold Inc. In production since 2014, the project has a 60,000 tonne per day flotation processing plant and a reserve life through to 2036, with a pre-feasibility study underway to define the long-term outlook of the mine. The operator’s 2025 production guidance is 165,000–185,000 ounces of gold and 50–60 million pounds of copper. Royal Gold holds the right to purchase 35% of the payable gold for ongoing payments of $435 per ounce and 18.75% of the payable copper for ongoing payments equal to 15% of the copper spot price, subject to a cost support agreement that will provide additional cash purchase prices for gold and copper deliveries in three periods, which are defined by gold and copper deliveries. Royal Gold also holds a 5% free cash flow royalty interest on Mount Milligan that will become payable after the earlier of reaching certain gold and copper delivery thresholds or January 1, 2036, potentially increasing to 10% after reaching additional gold and copper delivery thresholds.

PUEBLO VIEJO

Located in the central part of the Dominican Republic, Pueblo Viejo is an open-pit gold mine owned by a joint venture between Barrick Gold Corporation and Newmont Corporation. In production since 2013, the mine completed construction of a plant expansion in 2024, which is currently ramping up to target throughput levels. Royal Gold holds the right to purchase 7.5% of Barrick’s interest in payable gold produced until 990,000 ounces have been delivered, and 3.75% thereafter. Royal Gold also holds the right to purchase 75% of Barrick’s interest in payable silver from Pueblo Viejo until 50 million ounces are delivered, and 37.5% thereafter. Royal Gold currently makes ongoing payments of 30% of both the spot price of gold and silver per ounce delivered, which will increase to 60% after reaching certain gold and silver delivery thresholds. Barrick’s 2025 production guidance is 370,000–410,000 ounces of gold for its interest in Pueblo Viejo (silver production guidance is not provided), and Barrick expects production to average of 800,000 ounces of gold per year (100% basis) to the mid-2040’s.

CORTEZ

The Cortez Complex, operated by Barrick Gold Corporation and held within the Nevada Gold Mines joint venture, is a series of large, open-pit and underground mines with oxide milling and heap leach processing facilities situated on the Cortez-Battle Mountain trend of Nevada. The operator’s 2025 production guidance is 680,000–765,000 ounces of gold with a longer-term outlook of between 750,000–1.1 million ounces annually over the next five years. Royal Gold owns various royalty interests on the Cortez Complex across producing operations, development projects, and several exploration targets on a large land package. Several of these royalty interests overlap in certain areas, creating multiple effective royalty rates across the Cortez Complex. Royal Gold will hold an additional sliding scale net smelter returns royalty on the Robertson development project acquired through the Sandstorm Transaction.

ANDACOLLO

Andacollo is an open-pit copper mine and milling operation located in central Chile, operated by Compañía Minera Teck Carmen de Andacollo, a 90% owned subsidiary of Teck Resources Ltd. Gold is produced as a by-product of copper production. Teck expects Andacollo to produce 35,000–39,000 ounces of gold in 2025, with the mine plan to transition to higher-grade ore and copper production through to 2027. Gold and copper grades have been relatively positively correlated at Andacollo. Royal Gold holds the right to purchase 100% of payable gold (at a fixed payability factor of 89%) from Andacollo until 900,000 ounces have been delivered, and 50% thereafter, for ongoing payments equal to 15% of the monthly average gold price.

KHOEMACAU

Khoemacau is a copper-silver mine located in the Kalahari copper belt in northwestern Botswana, owned and operated by a subsidiary of MMG Limited. The Khoemacau operation consists of mechanized underground mines producing from the Zone 5 orebody and a sulfide ore flotation plant producing a copper-silver concentrate product at Boseto. Royal Gold holds the right to purchase 100% of the payable silver produced from an area of interest that includes the Zone 5 mines and the Mango NE deposits until the delivery of 40 million ounces, and 50% thereafter, for ongoing payments of 20% of the spot price of silver. MMG expects Zone 5 silver production of 1.3 to 1.5 million ounces in 2025, and is expecting long-term annual average silver production of 1.8 to 2.0 million ounces over a 20+ year mine life. MMG is currently advancing a feasibility study for expansion of the Khoemacau mine, which may increase production from the Zone 5 mines and new production from the Mango NE deposits.

WASSA

Wassa is an underground gold mine operated by Chifeng Jilong Gold Mining Co. (“Chifeng”) and located in the Western Region of Ghana. The mine started as an open pit operation in 1998, and the underground operation began in 2017. Chifeng expects 2025 production of approximately 200,000 ounces of gold, with most ore mined from underground sources. The mine has a reserve life through 2028, and Chifeng is currently advancing work to upgrade inferred resources for inclusion in a mine plan that could extend the mine life into the 2040’s. Royal Gold owns the right to purchase 10.5% of the payable gold produced from Wassa for an ongoing payment of 20% of the spot gold price until the delivery of 240,000 ounces, after which the stream rate will drop to 5.5% of payable gold for an ongoing payment of 30% of the spot gold price.

ANTAMINA

Antamina is an open-pit copper mine located in the Andes mountain range of Peru and is considered the world’s fourth-largest copper mines on a copper equivalent basis⁵. Antamina is operated by Compañía Minera Antamina, an entity jointly owned by Glencore plc, BHP Billiton plc, Teck Resources Limited, and Mitsubishi Corporation. The mine has been in consistent production since 2001, and for 2025, annual production is expected to be 335,000–400,000 tonnes of copper (on a 100% basis). In 2024, Antamina received approval for the Modification of Environmental Impact Assessment (“MEIA”) allowing for an investment of approximately $2 billion to extend operations at Antamina through to 2036. The MEIA contemplates an increase in processing capacity to up to 208,000 tonnes per day, which is approximately a 40% boost from current levels. Antamina contains Mineral Resources that have the potential of supporting a multi-decade mine life producing high-grade copper. Through the Transactions, Royal Gold will hold a 1.66% net profits interest in the Antamina mine.

Key Development Assets

MARA

MARA is a brownfields copper-gold project located in Argentina that ranks as one of the lowest capital-intensive copper projects in the world, owing to the existing Alumbrera processing plant and associated infrastructure located nearby. The owner and operator, Glencore plc, estimates MARA will produce approximately 200,000 tonnes of copper equivalent per year with a mine life exceeding 20 years. Once operational, MARA is expected to be in the top 25 global copper producers. Through the Sandstorm Transaction, Royal Gold will hold a gold stream conversion option on the MARA project, whereby Royal Gold will have the right to convert its existing 0.25% NSR royalty to a gold stream granting the right to purchase 20% of payable gold from MARA for ongoing payments equal to 30% of the spot price of gold. The right to exercise the stream option is subject to a maximum conversion payment of $225 million, which is expected to be paid in tranches over the course of the project’s construction period.

HOD MADEN⁶

Hod Maden is a high-grade gold-copper project located in northeastern Türkiye. The operator, SSR Mining Inc., is advancing the project’s critical path items—principally, road and tunnel construction—as they work towards a formal investment decision. Hod Maden hosts Proven and Probable Mineral Reserves of 2.5 million ounces of gold and 287 million pounds of copper (effective date July 31, 2020). Based on a 2021 Feasibility Study, the project is expected to produce an average of 195,000 gold equivalent ounces per year for an initial 13-year mine life. Through the Transactions, Royal Gold will hold a 2.0% NSR royalty and a 30% non-operating interest in the Hod Maden project.

PLATREEF

Platreef is a multi-phase development project in South Africa, currently under construction by Ivanhoe Mines Ltd. Phase 1 is expected to commence production in late 2025 and, once all three phases are complete, Platreef is expected to be the world’s largest platinum group metals mine with total possessing capacity of approximately 10.7 million tonnes per year. Through the Sandstorm Transaction, Royal Gold will hold the right to purchase 37.5% of payable gold from Platreef until 131,250 ounces are delivered, and then 30% of payable gold until 256,980 cumulative ounces are delivered. Royal Gold will make ongoing payments of $100 per ounce.

Board and Special Committee Recommendations

The Boards of Directors of Royal Gold and Sandstorm and a special committee comprised solely of independent directors of Sandstorm (the “Sandstorm Special Committee”), after receiving outside legal and financial advice, have each determined that the Sandstorm Transaction is in the best interests of Royal Gold and Sandstorm, respectively. Additionally, the Boards of Directors of Royal Gold and Horizon Copper and a special committee composed solely of independent directors of Horizon Copper, after receiving outside legal and financial advice, have each determined that the Horizon Transaction is in the best interests of Royal Gold and Horizon Copper, respectively. Accordingly, the Boards of Directors of Royal Gold, Sandstorm, and Horizon Copper recommend that shareholders vote in favor of the Transactions. Nolan Watson—as a director of each of Sandstorm and Horizon Copper with a “disclosable interest” in each case—abstained from voting with respect to the Sandstorm Transaction and the Horizon Transaction. Erfan Kazemi—as the Chief Financial Officer of Sandstorm and the Chief Executive Officer and a director of Horizon Copper with a “disclosable interest” —abstained from voting with respect to the Horizon Transaction.

Summary of Transactions and Timing

The Sandstorm Transaction will be effected by way of a court-approved plan of arrangement under the Business Corporations Act (British Columbia) (the “Sandstorm Arrangement Agreement”). Under the terms of the Sandstorm Arrangement Agreement, Sandstorm shareholders will receive 0.0625 of a Royal Gold Share for each Sandstorm Share held, implying a 21% premium to the 20-day VWAP of the Sandstorm Shares for the period ended July 3, 2025, and a 17% premium to the closing price of Sandstorm Shares on the NYSE on July 3, 2025.

At closing of the Sandstorm Transaction, Royal Gold expects to issue an aggregate of approximately 19 million Royal Gold Shares to Sandstorm shareholders, and following the completion of the Sandstorm Transaction, former Sandstorm shareholders will own approximately 23% of the issued and outstanding Royal Gold Shares on a fully diluted basis.

Pursuant to the Sandstorm Arrangement Agreement, Royal Gold has the option to make an election under Section 338(g) of the United States Internal Revenue Code. More information on this election will be outlined in Sandstorm’s management information circular to be sent to Sandstorm shareholders in connection with the Sandstorm Transaction.

The Sandstorm Transaction will be subject to the approval of 66 2/3% of the votes cast by shareholders of Sandstorm at a special meeting of Sandstorm shareholders (the “Sandstorm Meeting”) and the approval of a simple majority of the votes cast by shareholders of Sandstorm at the Sandstorm Meeting excluding votes cast by persons required to be excluded under Canadian Multilateral Instrument 61-101 – Protection of Minority Security Holders in Special Transactions.

Royal Gold will require approval by a simple majority of votes cast by Royal Gold shareholders at a special meeting in connection with the share issuance under the Sandstorm Transaction. The full details of the Sandstorm Transaction will be described in Sandstorm management information circular and Royal Gold’s proxy statement to be prepared in accordance with applicable securities legislation and made available in connection with the special meetings.

In addition to shareholder approval, the completion of the Sandstorm Transaction is subject to satisfaction of certain conditions and applicable regulatory approvals, including but not limited to (i) completion of the Horizon Transaction (which can be waived by Royal Gold in its sole discretion), (ii) approval by the Toronto Stock Exchange (the “TSX”), Nasdaq Stock Exchange, and NYSE, (iii) approval under the Competition Act (Canada), (iv) approval under the Investment Canada Act, (v) South African antitrust approval (Competition Act), and (vi) the satisfaction of certain other closing conditions customary for a transaction of this nature. Sandstorm, as well as the senior officers and directors of Horizon Copper and certain additional Horizon shareholders, which collectively control 54% of the Horizon Shares on a basic basis, have entered into voting support agreements pursuant to which they have agreed to vote their shares in favor of the Horizon Transaction, subject to certain conditions. The senior officers and directors of Sandstorm, which collectively control 6% of the Sandstorm Shares on a fully diluted basis, have entered into voting support agreements pursuant to which they have agreed to vote their shares in favor of the Sandstorm Transaction, subject to certain conditions.

The Sandstorm Arrangement Agreement contains customary deal protections, including non-solicitation, “fiduciary out”, and “right to match” provisions in respect of Sandstorm, and non-solicitation and “fiduciary out” provisions in respect of Royal Gold, as well as a $200 million or $130 million termination fee payable to Sandstorm or Royal Gold, respectively, as the case may be, under certain circumstances.

None of the securities to be issued pursuant to the Sandstorm Transaction have been or will be registered under the United States Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “U.S. Securities Act”), or any state securities laws, and any securities issued pursuant to the Sandstorm Transaction are anticipated to be issued in reliance upon available exemptions from such registration requirements pursuant to Section 3(a)(10) of the U.S. Securities Act and applicable exemptions under state securities laws. This press release does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities.

Further details of the Sandstorm Transaction will be included in Sandstorm’s management information circular and set out in the Sandstorm Arrangement Agreement, each of which will be available in due course on the Company’s profile on SEDAR+ at www.sedarplus.ca and on EDGAR at www.sec.gov. Sandstorm shareholders are encouraged to read these and other relevant materials when they become available.

Timing

Subject to receiving the requisite court, regulatory and shareholder approvals as described above, the Transactions are expected to close in the fourth quarter of 2025. In connection with and subject to closing of the Transactions, it is expected that the Sandstorm Shares and the Horizon Shares will be delisted from the TSX, NYSE, and TSX-V, respectively, that Sandstorm will cease to be a reporting issuer under Canadian and U.S. securities laws, and that Horizon Copper will cease to be a reporting issuer under Canadian securities law.

Financial and Legal Advisors

Sandstorm Gold Royalties

BMO Capital Markets is acting as financial advisor to Sandstorm and its Board of Directors and National Bank Financial is acting as financial advisor to the Sandstorm Special Committee in connection with the Sandstorm Transaction. Each of BMO and NBF have provided a fairness opinion to Sandstorm’s Board of Directors and the Sandstorm Special Committee stating that, as of the date of such opinions, and based upon and subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications set forth therein, the consideration to be received by the shareholders of Sandstorm pursuant to the Sandstorm Transaction is fair, from a financial point of view, to the shareholders of Sandstorm.

CIBC World Markets Inc. has provided a fixed fee independent fairness opinion to the Sandstorm Special Committee stating that, as of the date of such opinion, and based upon and subject to the assumptions, limitations and qualifications set forth therein, the consideration to be received by the shareholders of Sandstorm pursuant to the Sandstorm Transaction is fair, from a financial point of view, to the shareholders of Sandstorm.

Cassels Brock & Blackwell LLP is acting as Canadian legal counsel to Sandstorm, and Crowell & Moring LLP is acting as U.S. legal counsel in connection with the Sandstorm Transaction. Fasken Martineau DuMoulin LLP is acting as legal advisor to the Sandstorm Special Committee in connection with the Sandstorm Transaction.

Royal Gold

Scotiabank is acting as lead financial advisor to Royal Gold. McCarthy Tétrault LLP, Skadden, Arps, Slate, Meagher & Flom LLP and Richards, Layton & Finger, P.A., are acting as legal advisors to Royal Gold. Raymond James Ltd. is also acting as financial advisor to Royal Gold.

Qualified Person

Imola Götz (M.Sc., P.Eng, F.E.C.), Sandstorm’s Vice President, Mining & Engineering is a Qualified Person as defined by Canadian National Instrument 43-101 – Standards of Disclosure for Mineral Projects. Ms. Götz has reviewed and approved the scientific and technical information in this press release.

ABOUT SANDSTORM GOLD ROYALTIES

Sandstorm is a precious metals-focused royalty company that provides upfront financing to mining companies and receives the right to a percentage of production from a mine, for the life of the mine. Sandstorm holds a portfolio of approximately 230 royalties, of which 40 of the underlying mines are producing.