Giyani Metals Corp. (TSX-V:EMM) (FRANKFURT:KT9) (WKN:A2DUU8) is pleased to announce the results of the preliminary economic assessment for its K.Hill manganese project.
Robin Birchall, CEO of Giyani Metals Corp. commented:
“We are extremely pleased with the completion of the PEA for K.Hill, our first deposit in Botswana, and we are even more delighted with the findings of this report which demonstrates the strong economic potential of the K.Hill manganese project. Our immediate next steps are to continue hydrometallurgical testing with electro-refining to produce high purity EMM samples for testing by battery makers. We will move forward with a definitive feasibility study in order to upgrade K.Hill into a mineral reserve through a targeted reserve drilling campaign, and ultimately develop a mine plan for the K.Hill project.”
Highlights:
The PEA was undertaken by SRK Consulting (UK) Limited with metallurgical testwork and design input from Lab 4 Inc. a metallurgy consulting firm managed by Dr. Ian Flint, the Department of Geology of Dalhousie University and the Minerals Engineering Centre of Dalhousie University, all in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The PEA is also based on an inferred mineral resource estimate as detailed in the NI 43-101 report prepared by MSA Group (Pty) Ltd. (“MSA”) in November 2018. An updated NI 43-101 Technical Report on the K.Hill manganese project including results of the PEA will be filed on SEDAR within 45 days of the issuance of this news release and made available on the Company’s website.
The PEA is considered preliminary in nature and includes inferred mineral resources that are considered too speculative geologically to have the economic considerations applied to them that would enable them to be categorized as mineral reserves, and accordingly there is no certainty that the preliminary economic assessment will be realized. The expected accuracy of costs in the PEA are within a -35% to +45% level of confidence, as is appropriate for the level of study and accuracy of the input data provided. Mineral Resources that are not Mineral Reserves do not by definition have demonstrated economic viability.
Summary of PEA Results
The following sections are extracted from the SRK PEA document.
Mining
The envisaged mining method for the K.Hill Project is traditional truck and shovel. Due to the low processing throughput, and reasonable strip ratio, the volume of total material moved is easily manageable. For the mining part of the PEA, the key tasks that were undertaken are listed below.
The pit optimization parameters are shown in Table 1 and are discussed below.
The mining cost was calculated based on the S&P database for published 2018 mining costs for similar small-scale mining operations around the world, as well as a similar-sized SRK client operation in Africa.
Dilution and recovery were estimated based on similar results achieved using relatively small scale equipment. It is anticipated that an efficient operation of the project may improve project economics.
The processing recovery used in the pit optimization was based on initial results from the metallurgical test work on leaching. Processing costs are elevated due to the electrowinning and electrorefining processes. Separation of the Mn requires significant electricity, estimated at 6,800 kWh/tonne processed.
The sale price of US$4,700/t has been assumed for a 99.9% HPEMM product.
Giyani estimates that the project should be able to operate comfortably at a G&A operating cost of US$3M/yr. The royalty in Botswana from the sale of manganese is 3%.
Table 1: Pit Optimization Parameters
Parameters | Units | Base Case | Basis | |
Production | ||||
Production Rate | (tpa) | 150,000 | SRK Assumption | |
– RoM | ||||
Geotechnical | ||||
Overall Slope | (Deg) | 45 | SRK Assumption | |
Angle Oxide | ||||
Overall Slope | (Deg) | 45 | SRK Assumption | |
Angle Fresh | ||||
Mining Factors | ||||
Dilution | (%) | 5.0 | SRK Calculation | |
Recovery | (%) | 95.0 | SRK Calculation | |
Processing | ||||
Recovery MnO | (%) | 94.0 | Giyani provided | |
Operating Costs | ||||
Mining Cost | (US$/trock) | 3.14 | SRK Calculation | |
Incremental | (US$/ 1m bench) | 0.01 | SRK Assumption | |
Mining Cost | ||||
Reference Level | (Z Elevation) | 1385 | ||
Replacement | (US$/tRoM) | Not used | ||
Capital | ||||
Rehabilitation | (US$/tRoM) | Not used | ||
Cost | ||||
Processing | (US$/tRoM) | 250.00 | SRK Calculation | |
Selling Cost Mn | (%) | 3.0 | Botswana | |
(US$/t) | 141 | |||
G&A | (US$M/Year) | 3,000,000 | Client assumption | |
(US$/tRoM) | 20.00 | |||
Metal Price | ||||
EMM | (US$/t) | 4,700 | Client provided | |
Other | ||||
Discount Rate | (%) | 10 | ||
Cut-Off Grade | ||||
Marginal | (% MnO) | 8.81 | SRK Calculation |
Figure 1 shows the total material movement by Cutback on a quarterly basis
Figure 1: Total Material movement by Cutback on a quarterly basis:
https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/13b19400-4e47-44b6-b2d3-a8b44cca4ad3
Figure 2 shows run of mine tonnage to plant split by Cutback by quarter
Figure 2: Run of mine tonnage to plant split by Cutback by quarter:
https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/da11c7b9-644b-4bdb-9f08-91ec97ff25a5
The mining schedule for total movement is shown in Figure 3 below
Figure 3: Total Material Movement:
https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/83f96d39-431c-4c05-875c-dc4d0ec8b76c
Based on the work undertaken in the PEA the following key conclusions are made:
Metallurgy and Mineral Processing
A simplified block diagram for the proposed process for the production of electrolytic manganese metal is shown in Figure 4
Figure 4: Process Block Diagram:
https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/fb923611-62ce-4987-94f8-88b340803824
Comminution
The comminution circuit will consist of several stages of crushing and grinding to achieve the target grind size, which is a P80 of 200 mm subject to further optimization.
Leaching
Leaching will be undertaken in a series of open topped tanks. The test work indicates a total leach residence time of two hours. Filtered solids from the comminution circuit will be mixed with barren electrolyte returned from the EW stage, with reagent sulphuric acid added to meet the target acid strength (260 g/l based on the test work), as well as the reductant sucrose, which is consumed during the leach reaction.
Liquid/Solid Separation
A vacuum belt filter is envisaged for the solid / liquid separation between leaching and solvent extraction (SX). This stage will incorporate a cake washing stage, in order to both acquire maximum soluble Mn recovery, and to minimize the residual acid content of the filter cake.
Solvent Extraction (SX)
The filtrate from the leaching stage will be subjected to SX for impurity removal. The SX circuit will consist of one or more extraction stages, one or more stripping stages, plus washing / scrubbing stage/s as appropriate.
Purified electrolyte from the SX circuit will be advanced to the EW circuit. Raffinate will be recycled internally within the SX circuit. A bleed stream of raffinate will be removed for water balance and impurity (principally Ca and Mg) removal purposes. As part of the bleed stream treatment, a manganese-containing precipitate will be produced, which will be recycled to the leach or extraction circuits to minimize Mn losses.
Electrowinning
Manganese metal will be recovered from the purified solution from SX by electrowinning. Due to the particular electrochemical behaviour of manganese, the EW cells will be configured with a membrane to separate the anodic and cathodic reaction zones.
Electrorefining
In order to produce high purity (>99.7%) Electrolytic Manganese Metal (EMM), a second stage of electrorefining is required. The grades of the first stage EMM is typically suitable for electrorefining in halide-based solutions. The final product EMM will be produced in typical flake form.
Based on the scoping level work completed for this assignment, SRK concludes the following:
Financial Evaluation
The following general assumptions have been applied to the Technical Economic Model for the Project:
Table 2 below summarizes the expected capital costs based on the PEA
Table 2: Summary of unit operating costs
Operating Costs | LoM (US$/t milled) |
Mining | 26.2 |
Rehandle | 0.0 |
Processing | 276.5 |
G&A | 20.0 |
Selling Costs | 37.3 |
Contingency | 0.0 |
Total Operating Costs | 360.0 |
Total capital costs are estimated to be US$141.3M over the Life of Project. Mining capital costs are estimated at US$3.6M. Processing capital costs amount to US$95.9M. Infrastructure capital amounts to US$6.3M. Sustaining capital and closure cost provisions amount to US$9.3M and US$5M respectively. Contingency has been included at 15% and amounts to US$17.7M. Table 3 summarizes the capital costs over the Project life.
Table 3: Summary of capital costs
Capital Costs | LoM (US$M) |
Mining | 3.6 |
Processing | 95.9 |
Tailings | 2.7 |
Infrastructure | 6.3 |
Sustaining Capital | 9.9 |
Contingency – Capital | 17.9 |
Closure Costs | 5.0 |
Total Capital | 141.3 |
Net Present Value
The NPV of the cash flows are shown in Tables 4 and 5 using discount rates from 0% to 15% in an after-tax and pre-tax context. At a discount rate of 10%, the after-tax NPV for the Project is US$285M.
Table 4: Summary of NPV’s – After Tax pre-finance
Base Case Summary of NPV’s | ||||||
Discount Rate | 0% | 5% | 8% | 10% | 12% | 15% |
NPV (US$M) | 451 | 356 | 311 | 285 | 261 | 230 |
Table 5: Summary of NPV’s Pre-Tax pre-finance
Base Case Summary of NPV’s | ||||||
Discount Rate | 0% | 5% | 8% | 10% | 12% | 15% |
NPV (US$M) | 580 | 459 | 402 | 369 | 339 | 300 |
Conclusion
Based on the work carried out for the PEA, SRK concludes the following:
Qualified Persons / NI 43-101 Statements
The Qualified Person (as that term is defined by National Instrument 43-101) responsible for preparing the PEA for the K.Hill manganese project is Michael John Beare, BEng, CEng, MIOM of SRK Consulting (UK) Ltd. Mr. Beare has reviewed and approved the scientific and technical content contained in this press release and verified the underlying technical data. Mr. Beare is independent of the Company.
Hydrometallurgical testwork was performed on three samples taken from drill cores extracted from the K.Hill deposit during the Company’s drilling program in 2018. The drill cores were placed in a plastic bag along with a sample tag. Bags were sealed with a single use tie. Samples were securely stored prior to shipping to Lab 4 Inc. in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
Leach testing procedure
All three samples were ground to a d80 of 200 microns. From each main sample, five sub-samples were drawn. One sub-sample was set aside and assayed later as the head grade and the four remaining sub-samples were used for acid leaching tests with reductant. All tests were performed using the same size of rock sample, with H2SO4 solution at a certain temperature. Four independent leaches were performed with the reductant with only residence time being varied. All five sub-samples were assayed.
Extraction testing procedure
The output of the leaching circuit (leach solution) was fed into the extraction circuit and mixed with an organic solution where metals transfer from the leach solution to the organic solution. These two solutions were then separated and fed into a stripping circuit and a precipitation circuit where the majority of unwanted metals get precipitated leaving the manganese with traces of other metals in the solution.
Electrowinning testing procedure
The output solution from the extraction circuit was fed into an electrowinning cell and processed for a period of time operated in batch mode. This was repeated on the same electrode with an additional quantity of the solution for an additional period of time. An initial voltage level was applied between the anode and cathode. This voltage was controlled to maintain a constant current density. The voltage was subsequently increased with time as the conductivity of the solution changed with the removal of the Mn2+ ions. The process results in manganese plated on the cathode of the cell and some solids along with the spent solution. A filter separated the solids from the solution. The solution gets treated and recycled to the leach circuit along with the solids.
About Giyani
Giyani Metals Corp. is a Canadian based junior exploration company focused on creating shareholder value by accelerating the development of its battery-grade manganese projects in the Kanye Basin, Botswana, Africa.
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